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  1.  "Born in the U.S.A.". FactCheck. August 21, 2008. http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html. Retrieved October 24, 2008. 
  2.  Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). "Though Obama Had to Leave to Find Himself, It Is Hawaii That Made His Rise Possible". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082301620.html. Retrieved October 27, 2008. 
  3.  For Stanley Ann's first name, see Obama (1995, 2004), p. 19
  4.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kansas
  5.  Rudin, Ken (2009-12-23). "NPR's Political Junkie, 23 December 2009, accessed 30 December 2009". Npr.org. http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2009/12/todays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html. Retrieved 2010-04-18. 
  6.  Heard on Tell Me More (2008-10-29). "Asian Writer Ponders First Asian President Too". Npr.org. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=96126355. Retrieved 2010-04-18. 
  7.  Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10. For book excerpts, see "Barack Obama: Creation of Tales"[ "Barack Obama: Creation of Tales"]. East African. November 1, 2004. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927225314/http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-2212.html. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jones, Tim (March 27, 2007). "Obama's mom: Not just a girl from Kansas: Strong personalities shaped a future senator"[permanent dead link]. Chicago Tribune, reprinted in The Baltimore Sun. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation/politics/chi-0703270151mar27-archive,0,91024,full.story[permanent dead link]. Retrieved October 27, 2008. 
  9.  Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1729524,00.html. Retrieved April 9, 2007. 
 10.  Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The Ghost of a Father". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2007/12/13/ST2007121301893.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
         * Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). "From Home Squared to the US Senate: How Barack Obama Was Lost and Found"[ "From Home Squared to the US Senate: How Barack Obama Was Lost and Found"]. East African. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927223905/http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-11.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
 11.  Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 44–45.
 12.  "Statue of a Young Obama To Watch Over Indonesian Capital". The Jakarta Globe. 2009-12-09. http://thejakartaglobe.com/home/statue-of-us-president-barack-obama-to-be-unveiled-in-jakarta-park/346178. Retrieved 2010-02-19. 
 13.  "From Chinaview.cn". News.xinhuanet.com. 2009-12-10. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/10/content_12624443.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-18. 
 14.  Pickler, Nedra (2007-01-24). "Obama Debunks Claim About Islamic School". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/24/AR2007012400371_pf.html. Retrieved 2010-04-18. 
 15.  Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou Grad Stirs Up Illinois Politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/03/21/news/story4.html. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
         * Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4.
 16.  Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1729524,00.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
         * Suryakusuma, Julia (November 29, 2006). "Obama for President... of Indonesia". Jakarta Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20081108051039/http://old.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20061129.F03. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
 17.  Obama (1995), pp. 9–10.
 18.  Obama (1995), Chapters 4 and 5.
         * Serrano, Richard A (March 11, 2007). "Obama's Peers Didn't See His Angst" (paid archive). Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1230439131.html?dids=1230439131:1230439131&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+11%2C+2007&author=Richard+A.+Serrano&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.20&desc=THE+NATION. Retrieved January 4, 2008. 
 19.  Reyes, B. J (February 8, 2007). "Punahou Left Lasting Impression on Obama". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/02/08/news/story02.html. Retrieved January 4, 2008.  "As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were mostly attended by blacks."
 20.  "Obama Gets Blunt with N.H. Students". Boston Globe. Associated Press. November 21, 2007. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/11/21/obama_gets_blunt_with_nh_students/. Retrieved January 4, 2008. 
         * In Dreams from My Father, Obama writes: "Pot had helped, and booze; maybe a little blow when you could afford it." Obama (1995), pp. 93–94.
         * For analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see: Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's Candor Remains to Be Seen". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/02/AR2007010201359.html. Retrieved January 4, 2008. 
         * Seelye, Katharine Q (October 24, 2006). "Obama Offers More Variations From the Norm". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/24/us/politics/24obama.html. Retrieved January 4, 2008. 
 21.  Hornick, Ed (August 17, 2008). "Obama, McCain talk issues at pastor's forum". CNN.com (LAKE FOREST, California). http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/16/warren.forum/. Retrieved January 4, 2009. 
 22.  "Oxy Remembers "Barry" Obama '83". Occidental College. January 29, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20090406035342/http://www.oxy.edu/x8270.xml. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
 23.  Boss-Bicak, Shira (January 2005). "Barack Obama '83". Columbia College Today. https://web.archive.org/web/20080905121815/http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/jan05/cover.php. Retrieved June 9, 2008. 
 24.  "Curriculum Vitae"[ "Curriculum Vitae"]. The University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on May 9, 2001. http://web.archive.org/web/20010509024017/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/obama/cv.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008. 
 25.  Issenberg, Sasha (August 6, 2008). "Obama shows hints of his year in global finance: Tied markets to social aid". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/08/06/obama_shows_hints_of_his_year_in_global_finance/?page=1. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
 26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Chassie, Karen (ed.) (2007). Who's Who in America, 2008. New Providence, New Jersey: Marquis Who's Who. p. 3468. ISBN 9780837970110. https://web.archive.org/web/20100420164905/http://www.marquiswhoswho.com/products/WAprodinfo.asp. Retrieved June 6, 2008. 
 27.  Scott, Janny (October 30, 2007). "Obama's Account of New York Years Often Differs from What Others Say". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/us/politics/30obama.html. Retrieved April 13, 2008.  Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140; Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
 28.  Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). "Portrait of a pragmatist". Chicago Tribune:  p. 1. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080209030448/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0703300121mar30,1,6651421,full.story. Retrieved June 6, 2008. 
         * Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). "The Agitator: Barack Obama's Unlikely Political Education" (alternate link). New Republic. http://www.pickensdemocrats.org/info/TheAgitator_070319.htm. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
         * Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295
         * Mendell (2007), pp. 63–83.
 29.  Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive). The Boston Globe:  p. 29. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/1990/02/15/a_law_review_breakthrough/. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer:  p. C01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&p_theme=pi&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_trackval=PI&s_search_type=customized&s_dispstring=Author(John%20Corr)%20AND%20date(02/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=02/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990)&p_field_advanced-0=Author&p_text_advanced-0=(John%20Corr)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes. Retrieved June 6, 2008. 
 30.  Obama, Barack (August–September 1988). "Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city". Illinois Issues 14 (8–9):  40–42. 
     reprinted in: Knoepfle, Peg (ed.) (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, Illinois: Sangamon State University. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0962087335. 
         * Tayler, Letta; Herbert, Keith (March 2, 2008). "Obama forged path as Chicago community organizer". Newsday:  p. A06. http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/obama-forged-path-as-chicago-community-organizer-1.881130. Retrieved June 6, 2008. 
 31.  Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437.
 32.  Gnecchi, Nico (February 27, 2006). "Obama Receives Hero's Welcome at His Family's Ancestral Village in Kenya". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2008-03-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20080321161040/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-08/2006-08-27-voa17.cfm. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
 33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). "At Harvard Law, a unifying voice". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/01/28/at_harvard_law_a_unifying_voice/?page=full. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Kantor, Jodi (January 28, 2007). "In law school, Obama found political voice". The New York Times:  p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/us/politics/28obama.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Kodama, Marie C (January 19, 2007). "Obama left mark on HLS". The Harvard Crimson. http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=516664. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). "A series of fortunate events". The Washington Post:  p. W10. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/08/AR2007080802038_pf.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Heilemann, John (October 22, 2007). "When they were young". New York 40 (37):  32–7, 132–3. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000128/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/01/28/at_harvard_law_a_unifying_voice/?page=full. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92.
 34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review". The New York Times:  p. A20. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2DC1631F935A35751C0A966958260. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Ybarra, Michael J (February 7, 1990). "Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune:  p. 3. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/28797353.html?dids=28797353:28797353&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough" (paid archive). The Boston Globe:  p. 29. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/1990/02/15/a_law_review_breakthrough/. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer:  p. C01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&p_theme=pi&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_trackval=PI&s_search_type=customized&s_dispstring=Author(John%20Corr)%20AND%20date(02/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=02/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990)&p_field_advanced-0=Author&p_text_advanced-0=(John%20Corr)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Drummond, Tammerlin (March 12, 1990). "Barack Obama's Law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service" (paid archive). Los Angeles Times:  p. E1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60017156.html?dids=60017156:60017156&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
         * Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). "Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama". Black Issues in Higher Education:  p. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20081218235234/http://www.diverseeducation.com/artman/publish/article_11791.shtml. Retrieved November 15, 2008. 
         * Pugh, Allison J. (Associated Press) (April 18, 1990). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor" (paid archive). The Miami Herald:  p. C01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&p_theme=realcities2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_site=miami&s_trackval=MH&s_dispstring=Title(Law%20Review's%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor)%20AND%20date(04/18/1990%20to%2004/18/1990)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=04/18/1990%20to%2004/18/1990)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(Law%20Review's%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
 35.  Aguilar, Louis (July 11, 1990). "Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune:  p. 1 (Business). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/28774085.html?dids=28774085:28774085&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 15, 2008. "Barack Obama, a summer associate at Hopkins & Sutter in Chicago" 
 36.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Juris_Doctor
 37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). "The story of Obama, written by Obama". The New York Times:  p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/us/politics/18memoirs.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved June 15, 2008.  Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.
 38.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fellow
 39.  University of Chicago Law School (March 27, 2008). "Statement regarding Barack Obama". University of Chicago Law School. https://web.archive.org/web/20080608225931/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/media/index.html. Retrieved June 10, 2008. 
         * Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). "Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?". FactCheck.org. http://www.factcheck.org/askfactcheck/was_barack_obama_really_a_constitutional_law.html. Retrieved June 10, 2008. 
         * Holan, Angie Drobnic (March 7, 2008). "Obama's 20 years of experience". PolitiFact.com. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2008/mar/07/obamas-20-years-experience/. Retrieved June 10, 2008. 
 40.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Forty
 41.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DavisMiner
 42.  Jackson, David; Ray Long (April 3, 2007). "Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-070403obama-ballot-archive,0,5693903.story. Retrieved January 14, 2008.  White, Jesse (2001). "Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment". Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 65. https://web.archive.org/web/20080226221919/http://www.sos.state.il.us/publications/02bluebook/legislative_branch/legdistrictmaps.pdf.  State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26.
 43.  Slevin, Peter (February 9, 2007). "Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/08/AR2007020802262.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  Helman, Scott (September 23, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama dealt with Lobbyists". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/23/in_illinois_obama_dealt_with_lobbyists/. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  See also: "Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics". CBS News. Associated Press. January 17, 2007. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/17/politics/main2369157.shtml. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  "In-Depth Look at Obama's Political Career" (video). CLTV. February 9, 2007. http://video.chicagotribune.com/global/video/popup/pop_player.asp?clipid1=1226539. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/30/us/politics/30obama.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  See also: Pearson, Rick; Ray Long (May 3, 2007). "Careful Steps, Looking Ahead". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080216014957/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-0705030101may03,1,7439904.story. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 45.  Allison, Melissa (December 15, 2000). "State takes on predatory lending; Rules would halt single-premium life insurance financing". Chicago Tribune:  p. 1 (Business). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/65214450.html?dids=65214450:65214450&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 1, 2008.  Long, Ray; Allison, Melissa (April 18, 2001). "Illinois OKs predatory loan curbs; State aims to avert home foreclosures.". Chicago Tribune:  p. 1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/71459393.html?dids=71459393:71459393&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 1, 2008. 
 46.  "13th District: Barack Obama"[ "13th District: Barack Obama"] (archive). Illinois State Senate Democrats. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original on April 12, 2000. http://web.archive.org/web/20000824102110/http://www.senatedem.state.il.us/obama/index.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  "13th District: Barack Obama"[ "13th District: Barack Obama"] (archive). Illinois State Senate Democrats. October 9, 2004. Archived from the original on August 2, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20040802233730/http://www.senatedem.state.il.us/obama/index.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 47.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Democratic_primary
 48.  Calmes, Jackie (February 23, 2007). "Statehouse Yields Clues to Obama". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB117219748197216894-Sn6oV_4KLQHp_xz7CjYLuyjv3Jg_20070324.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 49.  Tavella, Anne Marie (April 14, 2003). "Profiling, taping plans pass Senate". Daily Herald:  p. 17. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADHB&p_theme=adhb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=Profiling,%20AND%20taping%20AND%20plans%20AND%20pass%20AND%20Senate&s_dispstring=Profiling,%20taping%20plans%20pass%20Senate%20AND%20date(4/4/2003%20to%204/4/2003)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=4/4/2003%20to%204/4/2003)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no. Retrieved June 1, 2008.  Haynes, V. Dion (June 29, 2003). "Fight racial profiling at local level, lawmaker says; U.S. guidelines get mixed review". Chicago Tribune:  p. 8. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/352884461.html?dids=352884461:352884461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 1, 2008.  Pearson, Rick (July 17, 2003). "Taped confessions to be law; State will be 1st to pass legislation". Chicago Tribune:  p. 1 (Metro). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/370136121.html?dids=370136121:370136121&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 1, 2008. 
 50.  Youngman, Sam; Aaron Blake (March 14, 2007). "Obama's Crime Votes Are Fodder for Rivals". The Hill. http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/obamas-crime-votes-are-fodder-for-rivals-2007-03-13.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008.  See also: "US Presidential Candidate Obama Cites Work on State Death Penalty Reforms". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. November 12, 2007. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/12/america/NA-POL-US-Obama-Death-Penalty.php. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 51.  Coffee, Melanie (November 6, 2004). "Attorney Chosen to Fill Obama's State Senate Seat". Associated Press. HPKCC. http://www.hydepark.org/hpkccnews/raoul.htm#ap. Retrieved April 20, 2008. 
 52.  Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early Defeat Launched a Rapid Political Climb". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/10/12/early_defeat_launched_a_rapid_political_climb/. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
 53.  Davey, Monica (March 7, 2004). "Closely Watched Illinois Senate Race Attracts 7 Candidates in Millionaire Range". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/07/politics/campaign/07ILLI.html. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
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 55.  Bernstein, David (June 2007). "The Speech". Chicago Magazine. http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2007/The-Speech/. Retrieved April 13, 2008. 
 56.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named status
 57.  "Ryan Drops Out of Senate Race in Illinois". CNN. June 25, 2004. http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/25/il.ryan/. Retrieved April 13, 2008.  Mendell (2007), pp. 260–271.
 58.  Lannan, Maura Kelly (August 9, 2004). "Alan Keyes Enters U.S. Senate Race in Illinois Against Rising Democratic Star". Union-Tribune (San Diego). Associated Press. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/20040809-0849-illinoissenate.html. Retrieved April 13, 2008. [dead link]
 59.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named margin
 60.  "About Barack Obama". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. http://obama.senate.gov/about/. Retrieved April 27, 2008. 
 61.  "Member Info". Congressional Black Caucus. http://www.house.gov/kilpatrick/cbc/member_info.html. Retrieved June 25, 2008. 
 62.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ranked_tenth
 63.  Melissa Lee. "Update; Obama leads Senate with 72% approval.". Star Tribune. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-133418139.html. Retrieved February 26, 2009. 
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 65.  "President Bush Signs Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act.". White House. September 26, 2006. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/09/20060926.html. 
 66.  U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session (May 12, 2005). "S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act". Thomas. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:SN01033:. Retrieved April 27, 2008. 
 67.  "Lugar–Obama Nonproliferation Legislation Signed into Law by the President". Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office. January 11, 2007. http://obama.senate.gov/press/070111-lugar-obama_non/. Retrieved April 27, 2008.  See also: Lugar, Richard G; Barack Obama (December 3, 2005). "Junkyard Dogs of War". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/02/AR2005120201509.html. Retrieved April 27, 2008. 
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189.  Glauber, Bill (October 3, 2003). "War protesters gentler, but passion still burns" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune:  p. 1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/203569621.html?dids=203569621:203569621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved February 3, 2008.  Strausberg, Chinta (October 3, 2002). "War with Iraq undermines U.N.". Chicago Defender:  p. 1. https://web.archive.org/web/20091014211715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-220379051.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. "Photo caption: Left Photo: Sen. Barack Obama along with Rev. Jesse Jackson spoke to nearly 3,000 anti-war protestors (below) during a rally at Federal Plaza Wednesday."  Bryant, Greg (October 2, 2002). "300 protesters rally to oppose war with Iraq"[permanent dead link]. Medill News Service. http://74.125.95.104/search?q=cache:joI6vZO9y4UJ:mesh.medill.northwestern.edu/mnschicago/archives/2002/10/300_protesters.html[permanent dead link]. Retrieved February 3, 2008.  Katz, Marilyn (October 2, 2007). "Five Years Since Our First Action". Chicagoans Against War & Injustice. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721192331/http://www.noiraqwar-chicago.org/?p=127. Retrieved February 17, 2008.  Bryant, Greg; Vaughn, Jane B. (October 3, 2002). "300 attend rally against Iraq war" (paid archive). Daily Herald (Arlington Heights):  p. 8. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADHB&p_theme=adhb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=300%20AND%20attend%20AND%20rally%20AND%20against%20AND%20Iraq%20AND%20war&s_dispstring=300%20attend%20rally%20against%20Iraq%20war%20AND%20date(10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=10/3/2002%20to%2010/3/2002)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no. Retrieved October 28, 2008.  Mendell (2007), pp. 172–177.
190.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named spoke_out
191.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named stop_the_war
192.  Obama, Barack (March 2, 2007). "AIPAC Policy Forum Remarks". Barack Obama U.S. Senate Office. https://web.archive.org/web/20081030010243/http://obama.senate.gov/speech/070302-aipac_policy_fo/index.php. Retrieved January 30, 2008.  (Archive copy at the Wayback Machine) For Obama's 2004 Senate campaign remarks on possible missile strikes against Iran, see: Mendell, David (September 25, 2004). "Obama Would Consider Missile Strikes on Iran" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/699578571.html?dids=699578571:699578571&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved January 14, 2008. 
193.  "Obama Warns Pakistan on Al-Qaeda". BBC News. August 1, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6926663.stm. Retrieved January 14, 2008. 
194.  Barack Obama. (October 22, 2007) (flv). Obama-Caucus4Priorities. Obama '08. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7o84PE871BE. Retrieved May 18, 2008. 
195.  Obama, Barack; Sam Brownback (December 27, 2005). "Policy Adrift on Darfur". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/26/AR2005122600547.html. Retrieved January 14, 2008.  Doyle, Jim (May 1, 2006). "Tens of Thousands Rally for Darfur". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/05/01/MNGFBIIFOA1.DTL. Retrieved January 14, 2008. 
196.  Kuhnhenn, Jim (Associated Press) (May 17, 2007). "Giuliani, Edwards Have Sudan Holdings". San Francisco Chronicle. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/05/17/politics/p171906D95.DTL. Retrieved January 14, 2008. ; Obama, Barack (August 30, 2007). 30, 2007_hit_iran_where_it_hurts.html "Hit Iran Where It Hurts". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/opinions/2007/08/30/2007-08-30_hit_iran_where_it_hurts.html 30, 2007_hit_iran_where_it_hurts.html. Retrieved January 14, 2008. 
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198.  Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "Half Siblings: 'A Complicated Family'". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/familytree/545462,BSX-News-wotrees09.stng. Retrieved June 24, 2008.  See also: "Interactive Family Tree". Chicago Sun-Times. September 9, 2007. http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/special/family_tree.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
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206.  Kantor, Jodi (June 1, 2007). "One Place Where Obama Goes Elbow to Elbow". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/01/us/politics/01hoops.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.  See also: "The Love of the Game" (video). HBO: Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (YouTube (BarackObama.com)). April 15, 2008. http://www.hbo.com/realsports/stories/2008/episode.133.s1.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008. 
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209.  "Barack Obama: White Sox 'serious' ball". The Swamp. August 25, 2008. http://www.swamppolitics.com/news/politics/blog/2008/08/barack_obama_white_sox_serious.html. Retrieved December 6, 2009. 
210.  "Barack Obama Explains White Sox Jacket, Talks Nats in All-Star Booth Visit". MLB Fanhouse. July 14, 2009. http://mlb.fanhouse.com/2009/07/14/barack-obama-explains-white-sox-jacket-talks-nats-in-all-star-b/. Retrieved December 6, 2009. 
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221.  Harris, Marlys (December 7, 2007). "Obama's Money". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0712/gallery.candidates.moneymag/5.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008. 
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224.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named two_decades
225.  "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". msnbc.com. Associated Press. November 17, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27775757/. Retrieved January 20, 2009. 
226.  "The Obamas Find a Church Home—Away from Home". Time. June 29, 2009. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907610,00.html. Retrieved December 14, 2009. 
227.  "Obama says he won't be smoking in White House". Reuters. December 7, 2008. http://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSTRE4B61GF20081207. Retrieved February 28, 2010. 
228.  "Obama in good health, but still smokes", KABC-TV, February 28, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
229.  Hook, Janet (March 1, 2010), "Obama in excellent health, doctor says, but he should quit smoking", Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
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231.  Paul Harris in New York (March 4, 2007). "Obama told of family's slave-owning history in deep South". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/mar/04/uselections2008.barackobama. Retrieved 2010-04-18. 
232.  Payne, Les (August 19, 2007). "In One Country, a Dual Audience" (paid archive). Newsday. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1322008241.html?dids=1322008241:1322008241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
233.  Dorning, Mike (October 4, 2007). "Obama Reaches Across Decades to JFK" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1353513781.html?dids=1353513781:1353513781&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+4%2C+2007&author=Mike+Dorning. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  See also: Harnden, Toby (October 15, 2007). "Barack Obama is JFK Heir, Says Kennedy Aide". Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565992/Barack-Obama-is-JFK-heir%2C-says-Kennedy-aide.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
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250.  By DARREN SAMUELSOHN of Greenwire (2009-10-09). "Obama Wins Nobel Prize in Part for Confronting 'Great Climatic Challenges'". NYTimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/10/09/09greenwire-obama-wins-nobel-prize-in-part-for-confronting-55250.html. Retrieved 2010-04-18.