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=== ''Thing a Week'' ===
=== ''Thing a Week'' ===
From September 16, 2005, to September 30, 2006, Coulton ran "Thing a Week", during which he recorded 52 musical pieces in an effort to push his creative envelope via a "forced-march approach to writing and recording"; to prove to himself that he could produce creative output to a deadline; and to see whether a professional artist could use the Internet and distribution via [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons]] to support himself. In a September 2006 interview, he said of the experiment, "In some parts of the country, I'd be making a decent living".<ref name="QuickStop">{{cite web | url = http://www.quickstopentertainment.com/?p=1757 | title = Quick Stop Interview: Jonathan Coulton | date = 2006-09-28 | publisher = View Askew Productions | accessdate = 2007-02-19 }}</ref> In a February 25, 2008, interview with [[This Week in Tech]], he said that he made more money in 2007 than he did in his last year of working as a programmer, 40% of it from digital downloads and 40% from merchandise and performances.<ref name="TWiT">{{cite web | url=http://twit.tv/133 | title = TWiT 133: Jonathan Coulton&nbsp;— Functional And Elegant | format = MP3 | date = 2008-02-25 | publisher = TWiT.tv | accessdate = 2008-06-08}}</ref>
From September 16, 2005, to September 30, 2006, Coulton ran "Thing a Week", during which he recorded 52 musical pieces in an effort to push his creative envelope via a "forced-march approach to writing and recording"; to prove to himself that he could produce creative output to a deadline; and to see whether a professional artist could use the Internet and distribution via [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons]] to support himself. In a September 2006 interview, he said of the experiment, "In some parts of the country, I'd be making a decent living".<ref name="QuickStop">{{cite web | url = http://www.quickstopentertainment.com/?p=1757 | title = Quick Stop Interview: Jonathan Coulton | date = 2006-09-28 | publisher = View Askew Productions | accessdate = 2007-02-19 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070430165709/http://www.quickstopentertainment.com/?p=1757 | archivedate = 2007-04-30 | df = }}</ref> In a February 25, 2008, interview with [[This Week in Tech]], he said that he made more money in 2007 than he did in his last year of working as a programmer, 40% of it from digital downloads and 40% from merchandise and performances.<ref name="TWiT">{{cite web | url = http://twit.tv/133 | title = TWiT 133: Jonathan Coulton&nbsp;— Functional And Elegant | format = MP3 | date = 2008-02-25 | publisher = TWiT.tv | accessdate = 2008-06-08 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080513040748/http://twit.tv/133 | archivedate = 2008-05-13 | df = }}</ref>


==="Still Alive" and album hiatus===
==="Still Alive" and album hiatus===
Coulton wrote and performed a song titled "[[Still Alive (song)|Still Alive]]" for the ending credits of [[Valve Corporation|Valve]]'s 2007 video game ''[[Portal (video game)|Portal]]'', with vocals by [[Ellen McLain]]. On April 1, 2008, Harmonix made this track available as free downloadable content for the game ''[[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]]''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chris Kohler|url=http://blog.wired.com/games/2008/03/rock-band-get-1.html |title=Rock Band Gets 'Still Alive' Tomorrow, Free|publisher=Blog.wired.com |date= 2008-03-31|accessdate=2010-05-31}}</ref> A version with Coulton's vocals was also included on the ''[[Orange Box#Soundtrack|Orange Box Original Soundtrack]]'',<ref name="Valve Store">{{cite web|author=Valve Corporation |url=http://store.valvesoftware.com/productshowcase/productshowcase_TOBSoundtrack.html |title=Orange Box Original Soundtrack |publisher=Store.valvesoftware.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-31 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080313192458/http://store.valvesoftware.com/productshowcase/productshowcase_TOBSoundtrack.html |archivedate = March 13, 2008}}</ref> in addition to the one heard at the end of the game. "Re: Your Brains" made an appearance as an easter egg in [[Left 4 Dead 2]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rns71ot8GVg | title = LFD2 Easter Egg | date = October 17, 2009 | accessdate = May 22, 2011 }}</ref> The song has been called "the most influential game music".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://radoff.com/blog/2011/02/20/influential-game-music/ | title = Most Influential Game Music | date = February 20, 2011 | accessdate = 2011-02-21 }}</ref> In 2011, Coulton followed up the success of "Still Alive" with a new song at the end of ''[[Portal 2]]'', "Want You Gone". He also wrote the song "You Wouldn't Know" for ''[[Lego Dimensions]]''.
Coulton wrote and performed a song titled "[[Still Alive (song)|Still Alive]]" for the ending credits of [[Valve Corporation|Valve]]'s 2007 video game ''[[Portal (video game)|Portal]]'', with vocals by [[Ellen McLain]]. On April 1, 2008, Harmonix made this track available as free downloadable content for the game ''[[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]]''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chris Kohler|url=http://blog.wired.com/games/2008/03/rock-band-get-1.html |title=Rock Band Gets 'Still Alive' Tomorrow, Free|publisher=Blog.wired.com |date= 2008-03-31|accessdate=2010-05-31}}</ref> A version with Coulton's vocals was also included on the ''[[Orange Box#Soundtrack|Orange Box Original Soundtrack]]'',<ref name="Valve Store">{{cite web|author=Valve Corporation |url=http://store.valvesoftware.com/productshowcase/productshowcase_TOBSoundtrack.html |title=Orange Box Original Soundtrack |publisher=Store.valvesoftware.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-31 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080313192458/http://store.valvesoftware.com/productshowcase/productshowcase_TOBSoundtrack.html |archivedate = March 13, 2008}}</ref> in addition to the one heard at the end of the game. "Re: Your Brains" made an appearance as an easter egg in [[Left 4 Dead 2]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rns71ot8GVg | title = LFD2 Easter Egg | date = October 17, 2009 | accessdate = May 22, 2011 }}</ref> The song has been called "the most influential game music".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://radoff.com/blog/2011/02/20/influential-game-music/ | title = Most Influential Game Music | date = February 20, 2011 | accessdate = 2011-02-21 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110223013014/http://radoff.com/blog/2011/02/20/influential-game-music/ | archivedate = February 23, 2011 | df = }}</ref> In 2011, Coulton followed up the success of "Still Alive" with a new song at the end of ''[[Portal 2]]'', "Want You Gone". He also wrote the song "You Wouldn't Know" for ''[[Lego Dimensions]]''.


Coulton is also known for original pieces such as "Code Monkey", which was featured on [[Slashdot]]<ref name="Slashdot">{{cite web | url = http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/04/23/159227 | title = Code Monkey Like Fritos | date = April 23, 2006 | publisher = slashdot.com | accessdate = 2007-10-22 }}</ref> on April 23, 2006, and linked from the webcomic ''[[Penny Arcade (webcomic)|Penny Arcade]]''.<ref name="PennyArcade">{{cite web | url = http://www.penny-arcade.com/2006/09/01 | title = Prinny Please | date =
Coulton is also known for original pieces such as "Code Monkey", which was featured on [[Slashdot]]<ref name="Slashdot">{{cite web | url = http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/04/23/159227 | title = Code Monkey Like Fritos | date = April 23, 2006 | publisher = slashdot.com | accessdate = 2007-10-22 }}</ref> on April 23, 2006, and linked from the webcomic ''[[Penny Arcade (webcomic)|Penny Arcade]]''.<ref name="PennyArcade">{{cite web | url = http://www.penny-arcade.com/2006/09/01 | title = Prinny Please | date =
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=== Licensing ===
=== Licensing ===
Coulton releases his songs under the [[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons]] Attribution-Noncommercial license, allowing others to use them in their own noncommercial works. As a result, a number of [[music videos]] have been created using his songs, including such [[machinima]] as the [[ILL Clan]]'s video for "Code Monkey" and a [[kinetic typography]] video for the song "Shop Vac".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spaceparanoids.net/2010/12/shopvac/ |title=Shop Vac (kinetic typography animation) |publisher=Jarrett Heather |date=2010-12-01 |accessdate=2011-01-25}}</ref>
Coulton releases his songs under the [[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons]] Attribution-Noncommercial license, allowing others to use them in their own noncommercial works. As a result, a number of [[music videos]] have been created using his songs, including such [[machinima]] as the [[ILL Clan]]'s video for "Code Monkey" and a [[kinetic typography]] video for the song "Shop Vac".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceparanoids.net/2010/12/shopvac/ |title=Shop Vac (kinetic typography animation) |publisher=Jarrett Heather |date=2010-12-01 |accessdate=2011-01-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AdFbG7CH?url=http://spaceparanoids.net/2010/12/shopvac/ |archivedate=2012-09-12 |df= }}</ref>


== Discography ==
== Discography ==

Revision as of 20:25, 29 November 2017

"Joco" redirects here. For other uses, see Joco (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Jonathan Moulton.
Jonathan Coulton
Coulton at Union Chapel on September 13, 2009
Coulton at Union Chapel on September 13, 2009
Background information
Also known asJoCo, Little Jonny Coulton, Candy
Born (1970-12-01) December 1, 1970 (age 53)
OriginBrooklyn, New York City
GenresFolk rock, indie rock
Occupation(s)Singer-songwriter
Instrument(s)Guitar, banjo, ukulele, zendrum, accordion, harmonica, mandolin, glockenspiel, analog synthesizers
Years active2003–present
WebsiteOfficial website

Jonathan Coulton (born December 1, 1970), often called "JoCo" by fans, is an American singer-songwriter, known for his songs about geek culture and his use of the Internet to draw fans. Among his most popular songs are "Code Monkey", "Re: Your Brains", "Still Alive" and "Want You Gone" (the last three being featured in games developed by Valve: Left 4 Dead 2, Portal, and Portal 2 respectively). He has been the house musician for NPR weekly puzzle quiz show Ask Me Another since 2012.

His album Artificial Heart was the first to chart, eventually reaching #1 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers and #125 in the Billboard 200.

Career

Coulton, Paul and Storm, and Molly Lewis performing at Dragon*Con 2011

Coulton's music tends to fit a folk rock style, with elements of pop and indie rock.

Early career and geek culture

Coulton graduated in 1993 from Yale, where he was a member of the Yale Whiffenpoofs.[1] A former computer programmer employed at Cluen, a New York City software company,[2] and self-described geek, Coulton tended to write quirky, witty lyrics about science fiction and technology: a man who thinks in simian terms, a mad scientist who falls in love with one of his captives, and the dangers of bacteria. Rare topical songs include 2005's "W's Duty", which sampled President George W. Bush, and 2006's "Tom Cruise Crazy". Most of Coulton's recordings feature his singing over guitar, bass, and drums; some also feature the various other instruments Coulton plays, including accordion, harmonica, mandolin, banjo, ukulele, zendrum and glockenspiel.[3]

In the early days, Coulton's music was discovered by podcasters. Notably, podcasting early adopters Adam Curry of the Daily Source Code and The Wizards of Technology made regular use of Coulton's music.[4] In April 2006, he lent his voice to one such podcast, The Spoilers, in which he and hosts Rick Yaeger and Bill Douthett provided a 2-hour fan commentary for Raiders of the Lost Ark.[5][6]

He was the Contributing Troubadour at Popular Science magazine, whose September 2005 issue was accompanied by a five-song set by Coulton called Our Bodies, Ourselves, Our Cybernetic Arms.[7] He was also the Musical Director for The Little Gray Book Lectures.[8]

Thing a Week

From September 16, 2005, to September 30, 2006, Coulton ran "Thing a Week", during which he recorded 52 musical pieces in an effort to push his creative envelope via a "forced-march approach to writing and recording"; to prove to himself that he could produce creative output to a deadline; and to see whether a professional artist could use the Internet and distribution via Creative Commons to support himself. In a September 2006 interview, he said of the experiment, "In some parts of the country, I'd be making a decent living".[9] In a February 25, 2008, interview with This Week in Tech, he said that he made more money in 2007 than he did in his last year of working as a programmer, 40% of it from digital downloads and 40% from merchandise and performances.[10]

"Still Alive" and album hiatus

Coulton wrote and performed a song titled "Still Alive" for the ending credits of Valve's 2007 video game Portal, with vocals by Ellen McLain. On April 1, 2008, Harmonix made this track available as free downloadable content for the game Rock Band.[11] A version with Coulton's vocals was also included on the Orange Box Original Soundtrack,[12] in addition to the one heard at the end of the game. "Re: Your Brains" made an appearance as an easter egg in Left 4 Dead 2.[13] The song has been called "the most influential game music".[14] In 2011, Coulton followed up the success of "Still Alive" with a new song at the end of Portal 2, "Want You Gone". He also wrote the song "You Wouldn't Know" for Lego Dimensions.

Coulton is also known for original pieces such as "Code Monkey", which was featured on Slashdot[15] on April 23, 2006, and linked from the webcomic Penny Arcade.[16] It was also the theme song for an animated show on G4 called Code Monkeys.

His work has been featured on NPR's All Things Considered. Good Morning Silicon Valley featured a link to a video set to his song "Re: Your Brains".

Coulton accompanied John Hodgman on his "700 Hobo Names" promotional track for Hodgman's book The Areas of My Expertise as the guitarist (he was credited as "Jonathan William Coulton, the Colchester Kid"). Coulton also can be heard throughout the audiobook version of the same book, playing the theme song to the book, playing incidental music, and bantering with Hodgman, who reads the audio version of his work. Hodgman has also mentioned Coulton on The Daily Show: a Jonathan Coulton of Colchester, Connecticut, was Hodgman's pick to win an essay contest on overpowering Iraqi resistance to American invasion.[17] Coulton wrote and performed "the winning entry", a song about dropping snakes from airplanes. Coulton appeared on the tour for Hodgman's second book, More Information Than You Require.

Coulton composed the title music for the show Mystery Diagnosis, and also has contributed other songs under "The Little Gray Book Lectures", a series of audio releases from John Hodgman.

In 2006, Coulton began touring with comedy-duo Paul and Storm. At their first few shows, Coulton opened the concerts, but soon after his rise to fame, he was headlining.

A DVD & CD of a concert performed February 22, 2008, at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco, entitled Best. Concert. Ever. was released in 2009. At the concert, Coulton played "Still Alive" along with guest "musicians" and geek/celebrities Leo Laporte, Merlin Mann and Veronica Belmont.[18]

Coulton opened for They Might Be Giants for a few shows of their March 2010 tour.[19] He toured with them again in February 2012.

The Aftermath and Artificial Heart

Coulton had been working on his follow-up to the Thing a Week albums, tentatively titled The Aftermath. He said the title was an umbrella term for non-album tracks released after Thing a Week. On May 25, 2010, Coulton said on his official site that he would work on a new album, to be produced by John Flansburgh of They Might Be Giants,[20] and for the first time ever with a full band, including Marty Beller of They Might Be Giants,[21] in a professional recording studio. The resulting album, Artificial Heart, was released on September 2, 2011.

Glee dispute

One of Coulton's best-known works is his 2005 light-acoustic cover of the Sir Mix-a-Lot hit song "Baby Got Back". Coulton wrote a new melody for the song which was copied without permission (including his original line "Johnny C's in trouble") in 2013 by the American TV series Glee.[22][23][24] Like Coulton's other work, he released his cover version of the song under a Creative Commons 3.0 license, which requires users to attribute the work to him, and forbids all commercial use of it.[25] The show's lawyers contended that they were within their legal rights, and that Coulton should be happy for the exposure,[citation needed] though Coulton received no acknowledgement or credit.[26][23] Coulton's own lawyers told him that the compulsory license he purchased to make the cover would make it difficult to sue for damages using the argument that he retained copyright over his own version.[23]

Instead, Coulton released the single "Baby Got Back (In the Style of Glee)", a "cover of Glee's cover of my cover of Sir Mix-a-Lot's song, which is to say it's EXACTLY THE SAME as my original version". Coulton said he would donate the proceeds from all sales until the end of February 2013 to two Glee-related charities: The VH1 Save the Music Foundation, and The It Gets Better Project.[27]

In January 2014, the CBS drama The Good Wife based its fifth season episode "Goliath and David" on the incident.[28]

Current status

In May 2011, Coulton was interviewed on NPR's popular economics-related program Planet Money. He disclosed that he makes about $500,000 a year from his music despite lacking a record label contract. He expressed gratitude towards his fans for his surprise success, the degree of which he called "absurd". In a broader discussion of whether or not the internet is good for musicians, Coulton answered in the affirmative, while journalist Frannie Kelley described his success as a "fluke," comparing it to the unexpected popularity of the Snuggie.[29] Coulton posted a tongue-in-cheek response on his blog about the comparison, saying "to which I say: snarkity snark snark!"[30]

In May 2012, Coulton became the house musician for the NPR game show Ask Me Another. Coulton performs some of his own songs on the show, as well as covers of other songs related to the trivia and puzzle challenges.[31]

On April 15, 2013, Coulton announced that he was working with comic book writer Greg Pak on a graphic novel based on the characters in his songs, called Code Monkey Save World.[32] The project was funded on Kickstarter, and reached its goal within 12 hours.[33]

On August 31, 2013, it was announced that Coulton would be contributing lyrics to The SpongeBob Musical.[34]

In June 2016, Coulton started doing a one-minute "Previously On" song at the beginning of the CBS TV series BrainDead, a summer series with a planned run of 13 episodes.[35]

In April 2017, Coulton released a new album "Solid State" which is for sale through his website and iTunes as well as being available for streaming on SoundCloud [36]

Coulton co-wrote the songs "Good for Me", "Patient Zero" and "Rollercoaster" with Aimee Mann for her 2017 album "Mental Illness", for which he also contributed acoustic guitar and backing vocals. He joined Mann as opening support act on the European and North American tour of "Mental Illness", contributing additional guitar and vocals to her main set.

Licensing

Coulton releases his songs under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license, allowing others to use them in their own noncommercial works. As a result, a number of music videos have been created using his songs, including such machinima as the ILL Clan's video for "Code Monkey" and a kinetic typography video for the song "Shop Vac".[37]

Discography

Main article: Jonathan Coulton discography

Studio albums

Jonathan Coulton & John Roderick - "Wikipedia Chanukah"
The track "Wikipedia Chanukah" wherein the Chanukah page is read aloud
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Compilations

Other releases

Most of Coulton's songs are published on his website as MP3 and FLAC downloads. Some of them are free, and none of them are subject to digital rights management. All of his original songs fall under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License. "Still Alive", "Want You Gone" and "Wikipedia Chanukah"[38] are the only exceptions to this, as Coulton assigned all rights for the former two songs to Valve and "Wikipedia Chanukah" is under a BY-SA license to comply with Wikipedia's similar license. Along with "Still Alive," Coulton's song "Re: Your Brains" appears in jukeboxes in Left 4 Dead 2. "Want You Gone" also features in the end credits of Portal 2. All three of these games were designed by Valve.[39]

Other versions and covers

References

  1. ^ Rapkin, Mickey (23 March 2008). "Perfect Tone, in a Minor Key". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  2. ^ "JoCopedia, the Jonathan Coulton wiki". Jonathan Coulton. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  3. ^ Best interview ever - Talking with Jonathan Coulton Archived September 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "How I Did It".
  5. ^ "The Spoilers Podcast".
  6. ^ "I Ruined Raiders".
  7. ^ "The Future of The Body: The Soundtrack" (accessed on 23rd June 2008), Popular Science
  8. ^ "Witty Tunes Are Jonathan Coulton's 'Thing'" (accessed ) on NPR's All Things Considered
  9. ^ "Quick Stop Interview: Jonathan Coulton". View Askew Productions. 2006-09-28. Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-02-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "TWiT 133: Jonathan Coulton — Functional And Elegant". TWiT.tv. 2008-02-25. Archived from the original (MP3) on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-06-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Chris Kohler (2008-03-31). "Rock Band Gets 'Still Alive' Tomorrow, Free". Blog.wired.com. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  12. ^ Valve Corporation. "Orange Box Original Soundtrack". Store.valvesoftware.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  13. ^ "LFD2 Easter Egg". October 17, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  14. ^ "Most Influential Game Music". February 20, 2011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Code Monkey Like Fritos". slashdot.com. April 23, 2006. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  16. ^ "Prinny Please". www.penny-arcade.com.
  17. ^ "Essay Contest". Daily Show: Hodgman. Comedy Central. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  18. ^ "2/22/08 Concert info". Jonathancoulton.com. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  19. ^ "Jonathan Coulton to open shows for TMBG!". They Might Be Giants. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  20. ^ Michael Harrison (2010-06-11). "Jonathan Coulton and TMBG's John Flansburgh to Collaborate on New Record". Wired.com. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  21. ^ "Blog Archive » Band Shows, New Songs". Jonathan Coulton. 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  22. ^ "Baby Got Back and Glee - Jonathan Coulton". www.jonathancoulton.com. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  23. ^ a b c Hudson, Laura (2013-01-25). "Jonathan Coulton Explains How Glee Ripped Off His Cover Song — And Why He's Not Alone". Wired.
  24. ^ "Singer alleges 'Glee' ripped off his cover song - CNN.com". CNN. 2013-01-26.
  25. ^ "Case Studies/Jonathan Coulton - Creative Commons". wiki.creativecommons.org. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  26. ^ "I've Heard That Somewhere: 'Glee' Covers 'Baby Got Back,' And It Sounds ... Familiar". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  27. ^ "Baby Got Back (In the Style of Glee) - Jonathan Coulton". www.jonathancoulton.com. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  28. ^ "The Good Wife Recap: A Gleeful Parody". Vulture. 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  29. ^ "An Internet Rock Star Tells All : Planet Money". NPR. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  30. ^ "Jonathan Coulton". Jonathan Coulton. 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  31. ^ "About Ask Me Another: NPR". 2012-08-15.
  32. ^ http://boingboing.net/2013/04/15/kickstarteverything.html
  33. ^ http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/gregpak/code-monkey-save-world
  34. ^ Rickwald, Bethany."Musical-Theater Noob Jonathan Coulton Is Getting His Feet Wet With The SpongeBob Musical",TheaterMania, June 10, 2016
  35. ^ Raftery, Liz. "Here's the Story Behind BrainDead's Delightfully Wacky "Previously On ... " Song", TVGuide, June 21, 2016
  36. ^ https://wiki.jonathancoulton.com/Solid_State
  37. ^ "Shop Vac (kinetic typography animation)". Jarrett Heather. 2010-12-01. Archived from the original on 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2011-01-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ http://www.jonathancoulton.com/2013/05/08/this-is-for-samuel
  39. ^ "Left 4 Dead 2 (video game)". Giant Bomb. 2009-11-16. Retrieved 2010-11-14.

External links

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