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Microtome#Vibrating

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-{{Short description|Vibrating microtome}}
+#REDIRECT [[Microtome#Vibrating]]
-{{COI|date=May 2024}}
-[[File:VT1200 S hero right 45 degrees.jpg|alt=|thumb|Vibratome]]
-A '''vibratome''' is an instrument used to cut thin slices of material (although, usually thicker slices than those cut in paraffin-embedded samples using a [[microtome]]). It is similar to a [[microtome]] but uses a vibrating blade to cut through [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]].  The vibration [[amplitude]], the speed, and the angle of the blade can all be controlled.  Fixed or fresh tissue pieces are embedded in low gelling temperature [[agarose]]. The resulting agarose block containing the tissue piece is then attached to a metal block and sectioned while submerged in a water or buffer bath.  Individual sections are then collected with a fine brush and transferred to slides or multiwell plates for staining.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237324367|title=Improved methods for acute brain slice preparation from adult and aging animals|accessdate=June 1, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195211/http://www.vibratome.com/global/Manuals/VB100AppNote1.PDF|archivedate=July 17, 2011}}</ref>
+{{Rcat shell|
-Vibratome is not a generic name but a registered trademark of Leica Biosystems Richmond, Inc. in the USA.
+{{R to related topic}}
+}}
-== Advantages  ==
-*No need to dehydrate tissues prior to embedding, thus decreased loss of cell constituents
-*No messy [[Paraffin wax|paraffin]] embedding
-*Allows for agarose embedding of tissue to provide cutting stability
-*No need to deparaffinise and rehydrate sections prior to immunostaining
-*No high temperatures or harsh chemical treatments that may lead to antigen instability
-*No special microtome blades required
-*Less chance of artifacts caused by paraffin embedding or freezing
-*Decreased tissue autofluorescence due to avoidance of formalin-fixation and paraffin embedding
-*Less wait period from tissue sampling to time of immunolabelling
-*Allows for direct creation of free-floating sections for immunohistochemistry
-== Disadvantages  ==
-*Instead of ribbons, single sections are cut and collected which are more delicate and difficult to handle.
-*Sections are generally thicker than those obtained with paraffin methods; penetration of antibodies and other reagents may be slower and thus longer incubation times may be necessary.  Also, thick sections may be difficult to image with the microscope.  (However, thick sections are compatible and sometimes even desirable if using confocal microscopy.)
-*Securing vibratome sections to glass slides can be difficult or impossible, due to the thickness of the sections.<ref>http://www4.ncsu.edu/~rgfranks/FRANKS%20LAB%20PROTOCOLS/immuno%20histio%20chemistry/robertson%20vbratmimuno.doc{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-==Experimental Applications==
-Vibratomes serve a multitude of experimental applications across the life sciences and histology fields.
-===Electrophysiology===
-Vibratomes are instrumental in creating live tissue sections, particularly for electrophysiological studies. They enable the preparation of acute brain slices from live specimens, which are essential for techniques like patch-clamp electrophysiology. These slices facilitate the real-time study of neuronal activity and synaptic connections.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=5856250 | date=2018 | last1=Papouin | first1=T. | last2=Haydon | first2=P. G. | title=Obtaining Acute Brain Slices | journal=Bio-Protocol | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=e2699 | pmid=29552595 }}</ref>
-===Immunohistochemistry===
-Vibratomes play a crucial role in fixed tissue research by providing precise tissue sections that are vital for immunohistochemistry. These sections are used to visualize and analyze specific biomarkers, proteins, or cellular structures within tissues.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=3197053 | date=2011 | last1=Shim | first1=K. | title=Vibratome Sectioning for Enhanced Preservation of the Cytoarchitecture of the Mammalian Organ of Corti | journal=Journal of Visualized Experiments |issue=52 | page=2793 | doi=10.3791/2793 | pmid=21712798 }}</ref>
-===[[Precision cut tissue slices|Precision Cut Tissue Slices]]===
-Researchers often use Vibratomes to create precision-cut tissue slices, such as [[precision cut lung slices]] (PCLS). PCLS are valuable in respiratory research, allowing the investigation of airway reactivity, immune responses, and drug testing in physiologically relevant settings.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/58/suppl_65/PA3703 | doi=10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.PA3703 | chapter=Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Thickness has Limited Impact on Tissue Viability | title=Airway cell biology and immunopathology | date=2021 | last1=Stinson | first1=Rebecca | last2=Morice | first2=Alyn | last3=Sadofsky | first3=Laura | volume=58 | issue=suppl 65 | pages=PA3703 | s2cid=244673915 }}</ref>
-===Organotypic Slice Cultures===
-Vibratomes are essential for generating organotypic slice cultures. These cultures maintain the integrity of live tissue slices under controlled conditions, making them ideal for studying tissue development, neuronal circuitry, and various cellular processes.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpim.59 | doi=10.1002/cpim.59 | title=Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures | date=2018 | last1=Humpel | first1=Christian | journal=Current Protocols in Immunology | volume=123 | issue=1 | pages=e59 | pmid=30311739 | s2cid=52966761 }}</ref>
-==In media==
-Vibratomes appear in many pieces of media, although usually fancified to extravagant proportions. In the ''[[Metal Gear]]'' franchise (mainly in ''[[Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance]]''), "high frequency blades" are utilized by many characters, namely Gray Fox and [[Raiden (Metal Gear)|Raiden]]. In the ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchise, vibratomes are featured numerous times in the form of "Vibro-blades".
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
-[[Category:Histology]]